Honolulu is both the capital and most populated city of Hawaai. In the Hawaiian language, honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter." The city was settled by Polynesian migrants, but it is not known when they first made the area their home. The turbulent late 19th century and early 20th century saw the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, Hawaii's subsequent annexation by the United States, and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, all keeping Honolulu the main seaport of the Hawaiian Islands.